, Mexico City. Painted in 1930 by Dr Atl.]]Tenochtitlan or Mexico-Tenochtitlan was the capital of the Aztec civilization, built on an island in Lake Texcoco in what is now the Distrito Federal in central Mexico. It was founded in 1325 when according to legend a tribe of Nahua people settled on the island following the commandment of their god Huitzilopochtli. By 1428 the Aztec state had emerged and Tenochtitlan was the most important city in Mesoamerica. At its height it was one of the largest cities in the world, with over 200,000 inhabitants.The city was conquered in 1521 by Spanish conquistadors and New Spain (Nueva EspaƱa) was founded over the ruins of the Aztec city. Over the time, The capital city of New Spain became the modern city of Mexico City. Over the ensuing centuries, Lake Tenochtitlan has gradually been drained and modern day Mexico City covers most of the valley of Mexico. The last remaining vestige of the lake is Lake Xochimilco, which is situated to the south of Mexi