, letter founder; from the 1728 Cyclopaedia.]]An alphabet is a standardized set of letters basic written symbols each of which roughly represents a phoneme in a spoken language, either as it exists now or as it was in the past. There are other systems, such as logographies, in which each character represents a word, morpheme, or semantic unit, and syllabaries, in which each character represents a syllable. Alphabets are classified according to how they indicate vowels:
the same way as consonants, as in Greek (true alphabet)
abbreviation of consonants, as in Hindi (abugida)
not at all, as in Phoenician (abjad)
The word "alphabet" came into Middle English from the Late Latin word Alphabetum, which in turn originated in the Phoenician Alphabetos, from alpha and beta, the first two letters of the Phoenician alphabet. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary Alpha and beta in turn came from the first two letters of the Phoenician alphabet, and meant ox an
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet